The Exploitation of CFD Legacy for the Meridional Analysis and Design of Modern Gas and Steam Turbines

In the last decades, the consolidation of 3D CFD approaches inthe industrial design practices has progressively moved throughflow codes from the top of design systems to somewhere in between first development stagesand the final aerodynamic optimizations. Despite this trend and the typical limitations of traditional throughflow methods, designers tend to still consider such methods as fundamental tools for drafting a credible aero-design in a short turnaround time. Recently a considerable attention has been devoted to CFD-based throughflow codes as suitable means to widen the range of applicability of these tools while smoothing the predictive gap with successive three-dimensional flow analyses.The present paper retraces the development and some applications of a modern and complete CFD-based throughflow solver specifically tuned for multistage axial turbine design. The code solves the axisymmetric Euler equations with anoriginal treatment of tangential blockage and body force. It inherits its numerical scheme from a state-of-the-art CFD solver (TRAF code) and incorporates real gas capabilities, three-dimensional flow features (e.g. secondary flows, tip leakage effects), coolant flow injections, and radial mixing models. Also geometric features of actual blades, like fillets, part-span shrouds, and snubbers, are accounted for by suitable models.The capabilities of the code are demonstrated by discussing a significant range of test cases and industrial applications. They include single stage configurations and entire multistage modules of gas and steam turbines, with flow conditions ranging from subsonic to supersonic. Computational strategies for design and off-design analyses will be presented and discussed. The reliability and accuracy of the method is assessed by comparing throughflow results with 3D CFD calculations and experimental data. A good agreement in terms ofoverall performance and spanwise distributions is achieved in both design and off-design operating conditions.